List of key SOLVOMET (ISC) papers

Lithium

• Conversion of Lithium Chloride into Lithium Hydroxide by Solvent Extraction, V.T. Nguyen, C. Deferm, W. Caytan, et al.,  Journal of Sustainable. Metallurgy 9, (2023) 107–122). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-022-00629-2
• One-step solvometallurgical process for purification of lithium chloride to battery grade, D. Avdibegović, V.T. Nguyen, K. Binnemans, Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy 8 (2022) 893–899, DOI: 10.1007/s40831-022-00540-w
• Opposite selectivities of tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) and Cyanex 923 in solvent extraction of lithium and magnesium, Z. Li and K. Binnemans, AIChE Journal 67 (2021) e17219 (11 pages), DOI: 10.1002/aic.17219
• Mechanism of facilitation of efficient lithium extraction from magnesium-rich brine by ferric chloride with tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP), Z. Li, K. Binnemans, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 60 (2021) 8538–8547, DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c01003
• Selective removal of magnesium from lithium-rich brine for lithium purification by synergic solvent extraction using ꞵ-diketones and Cyanex 923, Z. Li and K. Binnemans, AIChE Journal 66 (2020) e16246 (12 pages), DOI: 10.1002/aic.16246
• Efficient and sustainable removal of magnesium from brines for lithium/magnesium separation using binary extractants, Z. Li, J. Mercken, X.H. Li, S. Riano, K. Binnemans, ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering 7, 19225-19234 (2019), DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b05436

Manganese

• Removal of cadmium, zinc and manganese from dilute aqueous solution by foam separation, P. Xanthopoulos and K. Binnemans, Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy 7 (2021) 78–86, DOI: 10.1007/s40831-020-00322-2
• Manganese-containing ionic liquids: synthesis, crystal structures and electrodeposition of manganese films and nanoparticles, J. Sniekers, J.C. Malaquias, L. Van Meervelt, J. Fransaer, K. Binnemans, Dalton Transactions 46, 2497–2509 (2017), DOI: 10.1039/C6DT04781E

Cobalt/Nickel

• Separation of cobalt and nickel via solvent extraction with Cyanex-272: Batch experiments and comparison of mixer-settlers and an agitated column as contactors for continuous counter-current extraction, I.R. Rodrigues, C. Deferm, K. Binnemans, S. Riaño, Separation and Purification Technology 296 (2022) 121326. (10 pages), DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121326
• Recovery of cobalt from lithium-ion battery cathode material by combining solvoleaching and solvent extraction, N. Peeters, K. Binnemans, S. Riano, Green Chemistry 24 (2022) 2839–2852, DOI: 10.1039/D1GC03776E
• Thermodynamic Modelling of Salting Effects in Solvent Extraction of Cobalt(II) from Chloride Media by the Basic Extractant Methyltrioctylammonium Chloride, R. Lommelen and K. Binnemans, ACS Omega 6 (2021) 11355–11366, DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00340
• Metal recovery from nickel metal hydride batteries using Cyanex 923 in tricaprylmethylammonium nitrate from chloride aqueous media, K. Larsson and K. Binnemans, Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy 1, 161–167 (2015), https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-015-0017-5
• A continuous ionic liquid extraction process for the separation of cobalt from nickel, Wellens, R. Goovaerts, C. Möller, J. Luyten, B. Thijs, K. Binnemans, Green Chemistry 15, 3160–3164 (2013), DOI: 10.1039/C3GC41519H

Platinum group elements (PGMs)

• Non-equilibrium solvent extraction in milliflow reactors: precious and base metal separations with undiluted ionic liquids, W. Vereycken, J. van Stee, S. Riaño, T. Van Gerven, K. Binnemans, Separation and Purification Technology 265 (2021) 118490  (13 pages), DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118490
• Solvometallurgical Recovery of Platinum Group Metals from Spent Automotive Catalysts, V.T. Nguyen, S. Riano, E. Aktan, C. Deferm, J. Fransaer, K. Binnemans, ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering 21 (2021) 337–350, DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c07355
• Separation of precious metals by split-anion extraction using ionic liquids, V.T. Nguyen, S. Riano, K. Binnemans, Green Chemistry 22, 8375–8388 (2020), DOI: 10.1039/d0gc02356f
• Dissolution of noble metals in highly concentrated acidic salt solutions, F. Forte, S. Riano, K. Binnemans, Chemical Communications 56 (2020) 8230–8232, DOI: 10.1039/D0CC02298E
• Extraction Behavior and Separation of Precious and Base Metals from Chloride, Bromide, and Iodide Media Using Undiluted Halide Ionic Liquids, W. Vereycken, S. Riano, T. Van Gerven. K. Binnemans, ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering 8 (2020) 8223−8234, DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c01181
• Electrodeposition of thick palladium coatings from a palladium(II)-containing ionic liquid, S. Schaltin, N.R. Brooks, J. Sniekers, L. Van Meervelt, K. Binnemans, J. Fransaer, Chemical Communications 50, 10248–10250 (2014), DOI: 10.1039/C4CC04079A

Gold

• Solvent Extraction of Gold(III) with Diethyl Carbonate, S. Raiguel, L. Gijsemans, A. Van den Bossche, B. Onghena, K. Binnemans, ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering 8 (2020) 13713–13723, DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c04008
• Dissolution of noble metals in highly concentrated acidic salt solutions, F. Forte, S. Riano, K. Binnemans, Chemical Communications 56 (2020) 8230–8232, DOI: 10.1039/D0CC02298E
• Extraction Behavior and Separation of Precious and Base Metals from Chloride, Bromide, and Iodide Media Using Undiluted Halide Ionic Liquids, W. Vereycken, S. Riano, T. Van Gerven. K. Binnemans, ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering 8 (2020) 8223−8234, DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c01181

Silver

• Recovery of Lead and Silver from Zinc Leaching Residue Using Methanesulfonic Acid, N. Rodriguez Rodriguez, B. Onghena, K. Binnemans, ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering 7, 19807-19815 (2019), DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b05116
• High current density electrodeposition of silver from silver-containing liquid metal salts with pyridine-N-oxide ligands, J. Sniekers, N.R. Brooks, S. Schaltin, L. Van Meervelt, J. Fransaer, K. Binnemans, Dalton Transactions 43, 1589–1598 (2014), DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52416g

Rare earths

• Separation of heavy rare-earth elements by non-aqueous solvent extraction: flowsheet development and mixer-settler tests, B. Dewulf. S. Riano, K. Binnemans, Separation and Purification Technology 290 (2022) 120882 (9 pages), DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120882
• Integrated process for recovery of rare-earth elements from lamp phosphor waste using methanesulfonic acid, N. Rodriguez Rodriguez, B. Grymonprez, K. Binnemans, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 60 (2021) 10319–10326, DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c01429
• Solvometallurgical process for the recovery of rare-earth elements from Nd‒Fe‒B magnets, M. Orefice and K. Binnemans, Separation and Purification Technology 258 (2021) 117800 (10 pages), DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117800
• Enhanced separation of neodymium and dysprosium by non-aqueous solvent extraction from a polyethylene glycol 200 phase using the neutral extractant Cyanex 923, B. Dewulf, N.K. Bachu, K. Binnemans, ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering 8, 19032–19039 (2020), DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c07207
• Recycling of bonded NdFeB permanent magnets using ionic liquids, M.A.R. Önal, S. Dewilde, M. Degri, L. Pickering, B. Saje, S. Riaño, A. Walton, K. Binnemans, Green Chemistry 22 (2020) 2821-2830, DOI: 10.1039/D0GC00647E
• Selective Roasting of Nd–Fe‒B Permanent Magnets as a Pretreatment Step for Intensified Leaching with an Ionic Liquid, M. Orefice, A. Van den Bulck, B. Blanpain, K. Binnemans, Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy 6 (2020) 91-102, DOI: 10.1007/s40831-019-00259-1
• Alkali baking and solvometallurgical leaching of NdFeB magnets, M.A.R. Önal, S. Riano, K. Binnemans, Hydrometallurgy 191 (2020) 105213 (11 pages), DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2019.105213
• Development of a solvometallurgical process for the separation of yttrium and europium by Cyanex 923 from ethylene glycol solutions, N.K. Batchu, B. Dewulf, S. Riano, K. Binnemans, Separation and Purification Technology 235 (2020) 116193 (8 pages), DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116193
• Separation of neodymium and dysprosium by solvent extraction using ionic liquids combined with neutral extractants: batch and mixer-settler experiments, S. Riaño, S. Sobekova Foltova, K. Binnemans, RSC Advances 10 (2020) 307-316, DOI: 10.1039/C9RA08996A
• Split-anion solvent extraction of light rare earths from concentrated chloride aqueous solutions to nitrate organic ionic liquids, M. Regadio, T. Vander Hoogerstraete, D. Banerjee, K. Binnemans, RSC Advances 8, 34754-34763 (2018), DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06055j
• Recovery of rare earths from the green lamp phosphor LaPO₄: Ce³⁺,Tb³⁺ (LAP) by dissolution in concentrated methanesulphonic acid, L. Gijsemans, F. Forte, B. Onghena, K. Binnemans, RSC Advances 8, 26349-26355 (2018), DOI: 10.1039/C8RA04532A
• Effect of the diluent on the solvent extraction of neodymium(III) by bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA), N.K. Batchu, K. Binnemans, Hydrometallurgy 177, 146-151 (2018), DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2018.03.012
• Extraction of rare earths from bauxite residue (red mud) by dry digestion followed by water leaching, R.M. Rivera, B. Ulenaers, G. Ounoughene, K. Binnemans, T. Van Gerven, Minerals Engineering 119, 82–92 (2018), DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2018.01.023
• Selective recovery of rare earths from bauxite residue by combination of sulfation, roasting and leaching, C.R Borra, J. Mermans, B. Blanpain, Y. Pontikes, K. Binnemans, T. Van Gerven, Minerals Engineering 92, 151–159 (2016), DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2016.03.002
• Separation of rare earths by split-anion extraction, K. Larsson and K. Binnemans, Hydrometallurgy 156, 206–214 (2015), DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2015.04.020
• Leaching of rare earths from bauxite residue (red mud), C.R. Borra, Y. Pontikes, K. Binnemans, T. Van Gerven, Minerals Engineering 76, 20–27 (2015), DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2015.01.005 (cited more than 300 times)
• Rare-earth recycling using a functionalized ionic liquid for the selective dissolution and revalorization of Y₂O₃:Eu³⁺ from lamp phosphor waste, D. Dupont and K. Binnemans, Green Chemistry 17, 856–868 (2015), DOI: 10.1039/c4gc02107j
• Selective uptake of rare earths from aqueous solutions by EDTA-functionalized magnetic and non-magnetic nanoparticles, D. Dupont, W. Brullot. M. Bloemen, T. Verbiest, K. Binnemans, ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces 6, 4980–4988 (2014), DOI: 10.1021/am406027y

Lead

• Selective leaching of lead from lead smelter residues using EDTA, T. Palden, B. Onghena, L. Machiels, M. Regadio, K. Binnemans, RSC Advances 10, 42147–42156 (2020), DOI: 10.1039/D0RA08517K
• Separation of iron(III), zinc(II) and lead(II) from a choline chloride-ethylene glycol deep eutectic solvent by solvent extraction, Spathariotis, N. Peeters, K.S. Ryder, A.P. Abbott, K. Binnemans, S. Riano, RSC Advances 10 (2020) 33161–33170, DOI: 10.1039/D0RA06091G
• Recovery of Lead and Silver from Zinc Leaching Residue Using Methanesulfonic Acid, N. Rodriguez Rodriguez, B. Onghena, K. Binnemans, ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering 7, 19807-19815 (2019), DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b05116
• Closed-loop solvometallurgical process for recovery of lead from iron-rich secondary lead smelter residues, F. Forte, L. Horckmans, K. Broos, E. Kim, F. Kukurugya, K. Binnemans, RSC Advances 7, 49999–50005 (2017), DOI: 10.1039/c7ra09150h

Copper

• Recovery of Copper from Ammoniacal Leachates by Ion Flotation, P. Xanthopoulos, D. Kalebić, N. Kamariah, J. Bussé, W. Dehaen, J. Spooren, K. Binnemans, Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy 7 (2021) 1552–1564. DOI: 10.1007/s40831-021-00363-1
• Ammoniacal Solvoleaching of Copper from High-Grade Chrysocolla, L. Gijsemans, J. Roosen, S. Riano, P.T. Jones, K. Binnemans, Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy 6, 589–598 (2020), DOI: 10.1007/s40831-020-00294-3
• Solvometallurgical process for extraction of copper from chalcopyrite and other sulfidic ore minerals, X.H. Li, W. Monnens, Z. Li, J. Fransaer, K. Binnemans, Green Chemistry 22 (2020) 417-426, DOI: 10.1039/C9GC02983D

Zinc

• Hard-soft interactions in solvent extraction with basic extractants: comparing zinc and cadmium halides, R. Lommelen and K. Binnemans, ACS Omega 42, 27924–27935 (2021), DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03790
• Removal of cadmium, zinc and manganese from dilute aqueous solution by foam separation, P. Xanthopoulos and K. Binnemans, Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy 7 (2021) 78–86, DOI: 10.1007/s40831-020-00322-2
• Selective removal of zinc from BOF sludge by leaching with mixtures of ammonia and ammonium carbonate, N. Rodriguez Rodriguez, L. Gijsemans, J. Bussé, J. Roosen, M.A.R. Önal, V. Masaguer Torres, Á. Manjón Fernández, P.T. Jones, K. Binnemans, Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy 6, 680–690 (2020), DOI: 10.1007/s40831-020-00305-3
• Selective recovery of zinc from goethite residue in the zinc industry using deep-eutectic solvents, N. Rodriguez Rodriguez, L. Machiels, B. Onghena, J. Spooren, K. Binnemans, RSC Advances 10 (2020) 7328-7335, DOI: 10.1039/D0RA00277A

Gallium/Indium

• Electrochemical behavior and electrodeposition of gallium in 1,2-dimethoxyethane-based electrolytes, W. Monnens, P.C. Lin, C. Deferm, K. Binnemans, J. Fransaer, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 23 (2021) 15492–15502, DOI: 10.1039/D1CP01074C
• Non-aqueous solvent extraction of indium from an ethylene glycol feed solution by the ionic liquid Cyphos IL 101: speciation study and continuous counter-current process in mixer-settlers, C. Deferm, B. Onghena, V.T. Nguyen, D. Banerjee, J. Fransaer, K. Binnemans, RSC Advances 10 (2020) 24595–24612, DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04684a
• Extraction of gallium from simulated Bayer process liquor by Kelex 100 dissolved in ionic liquids, S. Raiguel, W. Dehaen, K. Binnemans, Dalton Transactions 49 (2020) 3532-3544, DOI: 10.1039/C9DT04623B
• Separation of GaCl₃ from AlCl₃ by solid-liquid extraction and stripping using anhydrous n-dodecane and NaCl, Z. Li, B. Bruynseels, K. Binnemans, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 58, 12459-12464 (2019), DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b00768
• Electrodeposition of indium from non-aqueous electrolytes, W. Monnens, C. Deferm, J. Sniekers. J. Fransaer, K. Binnemans, Chemical Communications 55, 4789–4792 (2019), DOI: 10.1039/c8cc10254f
• Electrodeposition Of Indium From The Ionic Liquid Trihexyl(Tetradecyl)Phosphonium Chloride, C. Deferm, J.C. Malaquias, B. Onghena, D. Banerjee, J. Luyten, H. Oosterhof, J. Fransaer, K. Binnemans, Green Chemistry 21, 1517–1530 (2019), DOI: 10.1039/c8gc03389g
• Purification of crude In(OH)₃ using the functionalized ionic liquid betainium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, C. Deferm, J. Luyten, H. Oosterhof, J. Fransaer, K. Binnemans, Green Chemistry 20, 412–424 (2018), DOI: 10.1039/C7GC02958F
• Chemical immobilization of 8-hydroxyquinoline and 8-hydroxyquinaldine on chitosan-silica adsorbent materials for the selective recovery of gallium from Bayer liquor, J. Roosen, S. Mullens, K. Binnemans, Hydrometallurgy 171, 275–284 (2017), DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2017.05.026
• Purification of indium by solvent extraction with undiluted ionic liquids, C. Deferm, M. Van de Voorde, J. Luyten, H. Oosterhof, J. Fransaer, K. Binnemans, Green Chemistry 18, 4116–4127 (2016), DOI: 10.1039/c6gc00586a

Germanium

• Extraction Behavior and Purification of Germanium using an Undiluted Quaternary Ammonium Ionic Liquid in Combination with a Complexing Agent, W. Vereycken, M. De Belder, S. Riaño, T. Van Gerven, K. Binnemans, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 61 (2022) 5295–5305, DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c04940
• Selective recovery of germanium from iron-rich solutions using a supported ionic liquid phase (SILP), S. Van Roosendael, J. Roosen, D. Banerjee, K. Binnemans, Separation and Purification Technology 221, 83–92 (2019), DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.03.068
• Electrodeposition of germanium from the ionic liquid 1-butyl-methylpyrrolidinium dicyanamide, M.X. Wu, N.R. Brooks, S. Schaltin, K. Binnemans, J. Fransaer, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 15, 4955-4964 (2013), DOI: 10.1039/c3cp44554b

Antimony

• Antimony recovery from the halophosphate fraction in lamp phosphor waste: a zero-waste approach, D. Dupont, K. Binnemans, Green Chemistry 18, 176-185 (2016), DOI: 10.1039/C5GC01746G
• Antimony recovery from end-of-life products and industrial process residues: a critical review, Dupont, S. Arnout, P.T. Jones, K. Binnemans, Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy 2, 79–103 (2016), DOI: 10.1007/s40831-016-0043-y

Tungsten

• Solvometallurgical process for the recovery of tungsten from scheelite, M. Orefice, V.T. Nuyen, S. Raiguel, P.T. Jones, K. Binnemans, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 61 (2022) 754–764, DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c03872